Minimally invasive endoscopic surgery for complex colorectal lesions: progress from standard treatments to full thickness resections

With the widespread implementation of the screening colonoscopy, opportunities to encounter early-stage colorectal cancer and/or precancerous lesion have increased. A complex colorectal lesion is defined as benign appearing colorectal lesion that is deemed unresectable by conventional endoscopic resection, such as polypectomy or endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR).